Rivers part10 (peninsular Rivers)

 East flowing  peninsular Rivers

  • Major peninsular Rivers flows from west to east due to the gradient (up and down) of land.
  • These rivers have a developed and large tributary system.
  • These rivers drain into bay of Bengal.
  • Carry greater amount of sediment s and therefore form delta on the east coast.
Major east flowing rivers are
  • Mahanadi river
  • Godavari river
  • Krishna river
  • Kaveri river
Other important River's

  • Subarna rekha river
  • Brahmani river
  • Pennar river
  • Vaigai river
Details of all river's
  • Mahanadi river: it is a east flowing rivers
  • Source: sihawa, Dhamtari mountain 🏔️ in Chattisgarh.
  • Flow: it flows from Chattisgarh and Odisha.
                 Upper course
  • It flows in northerly direction.
  • Drains the raipur district s.
                Middle course
  • After being joined by the seonath, the river flows in a easterly direction.
  • It is joined by the jonk and hasdeo rivers before entering into Odisha.
  • Near the city of Sambalpur ( odisha) it is dammed by the longest earthern dam in the world, the Hirakud dam.

  • Earthern dam mean: A dam constructed of earth 🌎 material such as gravel, broken weathered,rock, sand, silt or soil) . It has a core of clay or other impervious material and a rock facing of riprap to protect against wave erosion.

  • Hirakud dam is One of the longest dam in world built in 1957, this dam is of major historical importance as it first multipurpose river valley project undertaken by India post independence. Hence it is also the oldest Indian dam.
                Lower course
  • The river enters the odisha plains at naraj, near Cuttack.
  • Just before entering Cuttack, it gives off a in large distributary called kathjori.
  • Mahanadi enters bay of Bengal via several channels near paradeep at false point Jagatsinghpur.
  • It also forms the largest brackish water 💦 lake in India chilka lake.

  • Drainage basin: Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, jharkhand and Odisha.
  • The major part of basin is covered with agriculture land 54.27% of total area.
  • One of the most active slit depositing streams in the Indian subcontinent.
  • Puri, at one of it's mouth s, is a famous pilgrimage site.
  • In water 💦 potential and flood producing capacity, it ranks second to godawari.
  • It was called sorrow of odisha (it was called earlier not since the Hirakud dam was built).

         Left bank tributaries
  • Seonath(shivnath): it is the longest tributaries of Mahanadi river.
  • Hasdeo: it is the largest tributaries of Mahanadi river. Hasdeo bango dam is constructed across this river.
  • Mand: mand river join Mahanadi in chandarpur in Chhattisgarh.
  • Ib:-River gondwana basin derives its name after river Ib.
                  Right bank tributaries
  • Ong: Ong dam project is major irrigation projects which envisages construction of an Earth 🌎 dam having 7.48km length across river Ong.
  • Tel: it's important tributaries of Mahanadi .it just flows 8kilomt away from the town of titila garh.
  • Jonk:The river considered as lifeline of at least three gram Panchayat of Aamanara, kendubahara, sarabang in the district through which it flows providing water 💦 besides irrigation to the farmers.


          Godavari river
  • It is the largest peninsular Rivers.
  • This river is also known as Dakshin ganga.
  • Length- 1465km
  • Source: slopes of western ghats in tryambakeshwar in Nashik ( Maharashtra).
  • Flows eastward and enters telangana in Nizamabad district.
  • Turns South east and enters Andhrapradesh.
  • Now it splits into two branches: Vriddha Gautami (Gautami godawari) and vasishta Godavari. 
  • Gautami and Vasishta branches further split into two branches each.
  • These four branches form delta at sir Arthur cotton Barrage in Rajamahendravaram( rajamundri) before joining bay of Bengal.
          Important left bank tributaries
  • Purna
  • Pranhita
  • Indravati
  • Sabari
            Pranhita is important ( it is the largest tributary conveying the combined waters of penganga, wardha,wainganga)

        Important right bank tributaries
  • Darna
  • Pravara
  • Manjira
  • Manyar
          Krishna River
Krishna river is the fourth biggest river in terms of water 💦 inflows and river basin area in India.
  • 2nd largest east flowing peninsular River.
  • Length-1401km
  • Source: near Mahabaleshwar, jor village (Sahayadri), Maharashtra.
  • Flow s- it flows through the state of Karnataka before entering Telangana state.
  • Drains: it drains into bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi ( near koduru) in Andhra Pradesh.
  • The delta of this river is one of the most fertile region in India.
  • Largest city on krishna is Vijayawada (A.P).
              
                   Left bank tributaries
  • Bhima
  • Musi
  • Paleru
  • Munneru
     (Bhima is the largest tributary)

           Right bank tributaries
  • Venna
  • Koyna
  • Ghataprabha
  • Malaprabha
  • Tungabhadra
  • Panchganga
  • Dudhganga
( Tungabhadra is the largest tributary)



       Kaveri river/cauvery

Kaveri is the life blood of both Karnataka and tamilnadu.The river is also important for its irrigation canal project s.

  • Source: Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range in western ghats, Kodagu district of Karnataka.
  • Flow s: it flows through Karnataka and tamilnadu.
  • Drains: it drains into bay of Bengal at poompuhar,T.N.
  • River basin: Tamilnadu, Karnataka,kerala, Puducherry.
  • Shivanasamudra falls ( Karnataka) Asia first hydroelectric plant ( built in 1902) was on the left falls and supplied power to the City of Bangladesh.
  • Kaveri carries water 💦 throughout the year with comparatively less fluctuation than other peninsular Rivers.
  • Since uper catchment area received rainfall during summer ( south west monsoon) and the lower part during winter (north east monsoon)
  • One of the best regulated river's 90to95%of irrigation and power production potential already stands harnessed.

        Kaveri water 💦 disputes

  • The sharing of water of Kaveri river has been the source of a serious conflict between Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
  • Genesis of this conflict rest in two agreement in 1892 and 1924 between the Madras presidency and kingdom of Mysore.
  • Final verdict: Indian supreme court final verdict on 16 Feb 2018.
  • As per an order by the Indian supreme court center constituted cauvery water management authority ( CWMA) on 1 june 2018 to addres the disputes over sharing of river water among tamilnadu, Karnataka, kerala and Puducherry.
  • Cauvery water 💦 regulations committee -3 weeks later.

          Left bank tributaries
  • Harangi
  • Hemavati
  • Shimsha
  • Arkavathy

             Right bank tributaries
  • Tritha
  • Kabini
  • Bhavani
  • Noyyal
  • Amravati
  • Moyar
     Subarnarekha river
  • Source: near ranchi jharkhand
  • Drains: it drains into bay of Bengal talsari Odisha.
  • Flow: it flows through west bengal -odisha.
              
          Brahmani river
  • Source: near rourkela, odisha.
  • Drains into bay of Bengal at dhamra.
  • Major seasonal river in odisha.
           Pennar river
  • Source : it rises in nandi hills in Karnataka.
  • Flow s: it runs north and east through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
  • It drains into bay of Bengal Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh.
                Vaigai River
  • Source: Varusunadu hills Tamil Nadu
  • The Vattaparai falls are located on this river.
  • Madurai is the largest city that lies on vagai.
  • Drains: it drains into the palk strait, close to pamban bridge in ramanath puram district.

            Palk strait
  • Palk strait is a strait between the tamilnadu and the Jaffna district srilanka.
  • It connects the bay of Bengal in the north east with palk bay in the South west.
  • Several rivers flow s into it, including the vaigai river of tamilnadu.





       

        

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River part 9(peninsular Rivers)

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