River part 9(peninsular Rivers)

 Peninsular Rivers


. West flowing

. East flowing

Peninsular meaning

It is an area of land almost surrounded by water 💦 or projecting out into a body of water. INDIA is a peninsular country it is surrounded by ocean 🌊 from three sides.The peninsular is in shape of a vast inverted triangle, bounded on the west by Arabian sea,on east by vindhya and Satpura ranges.

  • River s that originate from the peninsular plateaus.
  • Largely seasonal no perennial depend on rain 🌧️. 
  • Perennial mean- it is a river flows continuously throughout the year irrespective of season, they are also called permanent rivers
  • Non -perennial means they receive water 💦 from glacier n rainfall.
  • Mostly East flowing n originate from western ghats and flows bay of Bengal make delta at their mouth.
  • Water-divide is formed by western-ghats.
  • Low velocity of water 💦 and load carrying capacity of the streams Is low due to low gradient(up or down).
  • Two long west flowing river s- Narmada and tapti from estuaries in place of deltas.
  • No delta-due to Hard Rock n lack of distribution.
  • Estuary- it mean semi closed coastal body of water and its connected to open sea.
  • Delta- A land form created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a River.
Major west flowing river
  1. Narmada
  2. Tapi/Tapti
  3. Mahi
  4. Sabarmati
Narmada:(Narmada is a Sanskrit word meaning"the giver of pleasure".
  • IT is also call Rewa and previously also known as nerbudda.
  • Origin: Amarkantak peak ( north eastern end of satpura range near Anuppur district of M.P.
  • Flows: rift valley between Vindhya range and Satpura range.
  • Rift valley- A valley with steep sides formed when two parallel cracks develop in the Earth 🌎 surface and the land between them sinks.
  • Drains: Arabian sea near gulf of Khambhat west of Bharuch city of gujrat.
  • Largest west flowing river in peninsular.
  • Known as the lifeline of madhya pradesh and gujrat.
  • Total length from it's source in Amarkantak to it's estuary in gulf of Khambhat is 1,310km.
          Meaning of gulf of 
              Khambat
  • It is also known as gulf of Cambay
  • A bay on Arabian sea coast of India, bordering gujrat .
  • It divide the kathiwar peninsular to the west from the eastern part of gujrat state.
  • About 200km long about 20km wide in north and upto 70 km wide in south.
  • Narmada, tapti, Mahi,and Sabarmati these major River forming Estuaries.
  • From Dhuandhaar falls in bedaghat near jabalpur (M.P)
Major dams
  • Sardar sarovar
  • Indira sagar
  • Omkareshwar
  • Maheshwar
Kanha National park located in the upper reaches of Narmada.

Tributaries of Narmada
  • Hallon
  • Banjar
This two tributaries hallon and banjar flows through kanha national park.

        Tapti river:
Tapti river is the daughter of the sun god,surya and his wife chhaya.
  • Origin: Mutai, Betul district (M.P) eastern Central part of Satpura range.
  • Flow s: West ward crossing Satpura in the centre enter Maharashtra then gujrat.
  • Drains: gulf of Khambhat I surat district, gujrat near hazira mangrove.
  • Known as the twin or the handmaid of Narmada.
  • Basin is bounded by the Satpura range- north, Mahadev hills-east, Ajanta range and the satmala hills-south and Arabian sea-west.
  • Dams on Tapti River:
. Ukai dam(gujrat)
. Hathnur dam and Girna Dam (Maharashtra)

            Industry in tapti basin:
. Textile factories in surat.
. Paper and newsprint factory at nepanagar (M.P).
Some major tributaries of Tapti River
  • Girna
  • Purna
  • Bori
  • Panzara
  • Waghur
  • Aner

Mahi river

  • Mahi river is only river in India that cuts tropic of Cancer twice, first in M.P from where it flows towards Rajasthan and enters gujrat where it cuts for second time.
  • Origin: Vindhya range,M.P
  • Drains: gulf of Khambhat
  • Flow s: Northwards to Vagad region of Rajasthan takes U-turn and enters Gujarat.
Meaning of Vagad region: Vagad is a region in South eastern rajasthan state of western India. Its boundaries are roughly defined by those of the district's of Dungarpur and Banswara. Mahi river is said to be a life line of Vagad.

  • The major part of basin is covered with agriculture land according to 63.63%of total area.
  • Hydro power stations located at. Mahi Bajaj sagar dam and kadana dam.

          Sabarmati river

   During india independence struggle, Mahatma Gandhi established Sabarmati Ashram as his home 🏡 on the bank s of this river.The national water 💦 Quality programme led by central pollution control board(CPCB) position s Sabarmati river as one of the most polluted rivers in India.

Origin: Aravali hills, Udaipur (City of the lake)Rajasthan.
Flow s: South west direction enters gujrat and flows through Ahemdabad.
Drains: Gulf of khambat.
. The major part of basin is covered with agriculture accounting to 74.68 of total area.



Luni river:(this is not a peninsular river it is desert river)
  • Luni river is known as Lavanavari or Lavanavati.
  • Luni (Salt river) is named so because it's water 💦 is salty below Balotra (barmer).
  • Originates: Naag pahaad on western slopes of the Aravali ranges in pushkar valley (Ajmer).
  • Flow: it flows South West direction around 511km in rajasthan.
  • Finally flows in runn  of cutch (Rann of cutch is famous for its white salty desert a runn mean desert in hindi.) and it get lost in the marshes (dal-dal).
  • Luni is largest river in the thar desert in north -west india.
  • Luni is the only river basin of any significance in western rajasthan.




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